| Anther |
upper part of the stamen; the lower end is attached to the filament; the anther is the place where the pollen is produced;
filament and anther form the stamen (male part of the flower) |
| Bract |
green leave at the scape, very often just beyond a branch (or sometimes without branch, rarely with a proliferation);
much shorter than normal leaves |
| Bracteole |
green leave at the scape just below a flower; very often shorter than a few centimetres |
| Calyx (perianth) |
flower segments (without corolla) composed out of the sepals; i.e. the outer part of the flower,
of which leaves surround the bud and are often green (sometimes they also can be in the colour of the corolla) |
| Caudex |
root which get thicker every year and from which the new shoots emerge in spring |
| Carpel |
capsule protecting the seeds, i.e. containing the ovules; a paeonia flower normally has 1 to 7 (sometimes even more) carpels |
| Corolla |
flower segments without perianth consisting out of the petals; i.e. the inner part of a flower,
of which segments are enclosed at the bottom by the perianth (sepals) |
| Diploid |
two sets of chromosomes which is normal for the tree peonies and for some herbaceous species (2n=10 chromosomes) |
| Disk |
flower part at the base of the carpels; sometimes (normally in tree peonies) growing into tissue which surrounds partly of completely the carpels |
| Epigeal germination |
(epi, greak: above; gae, greak: earth); at germination the cotyledons were pushed above the ground and perform assimilation, i.e. they are the first green leaves (unlike hypogeal germination).
peonies with epigeal germination are: P. tenuifolia, P. brownii, P. rockii |
| Follicles |
containing the seeds |
| Filament |
lower part of the stamen; the lower end is attached at the base of the petals, and the upper end holds the anther;
filament and anther form the stamen (male part of the flower) |
| hypogeal germination |
(hypo, greak: below; gae, greak: earth); at germination the cotyledons remain below ground and do not assimilate, but they serve as nutrient reserve for the first real green leaves (unlike epigeal germination). |
| Inflorescence |
upper part of the scape starting from the lowest branch or flower |
| Ovary |
female part of the flower wherein is the ovule and after fertilization it develops the fruit with the seeds in it |
| Ovule |
inside the ovary in which after fertilization it develops the seeds in it |
| Perianth (calyx) |
flower segments (without corolla) composed out of the sepals; i.e. the outer part of the flower,
of which leaves surround the bud and are often green (sometimes they also can be in the colour of the corolla as visible on Hemerocallis) |
| Perigon |
flower segments, tepals consisting of sepals and petals; i.e. all tepals that enclose the sexual organs of a single flower |
| Petal |
from "petalum" meaning "leaf"; inner flower leaves/segments |
| Pistil |
composed out of the style and the stigma and is connected at the lower end to the overy;
female receptor part of the flower |
| Pollen |
male sex cell of plants;
dust-like; colour is yellow to orange for Hemerocallis |
| Rhizome |
underground stem from which new shoots emerge above the ground |
| Sepal |
from "sepalum" meaning "covering"; outer flower leaves/segments,
enclosing/protecting the petals as flower bud and all together from a bud form the Perianth |
| Stamen |
composed out of the filament and the anther; is connected at the lower end at the base of the petals (at least for Hemerocallis);
male part of the flower |
| Stigma |
uppermost part of the pistil; the lower end is attached to the style; the only receptor for pollen to pollinate the flower;
style and stigma form the pistil (female receptor part of the flower) |
| Style |
lower part of the pistil; the lower end is attached to the ovary and the upper end holds the stigma;
style and stigma form the pistil (female receptor part of the flower) |
| Tepal |
anagram for "petal", for designating a devision of the perigon |
| Tetraploid |
four sets of chromosomes (2n=20 chromosomes); many Paeonia species have only two sets of chromosomes (i.e. diploid),
but several herbaceous Paeonia species have four sets but sometimes also only two sets of chromosomes |
| Triploid |
three sets of chromosomes (2n=15 chromosomes);
it is said that the Itoh hybrids (i.e cross between one herbaceous and one tree peony) are triploid and therefore produce seldom seeds which even more seldom germinate
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